Greed The True Heart Of Darkness - 1882 Words

Greed: The True Heart of Darkness Garrett Wixon Current Student at Mat-Su College Abstract The aim of this essay is to discuss in detail the background of the Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness, and the atrocities that occurred. The whole idea of imperialism in the book is based on the rule of King Leopold II, and that the company is one of the many that he would use to extract the resources. The book also shows the maltreatment of the native Congolese in explicit detail, similar to how the true events would occur. The text also recognizes historical events and practices that were current at that time. It called into mention a certain act that we see at the fort in which Kurtz rules; the act of placing severed heads on pikes. The†¦show more content†¦Part II: The Yeke Kingdom Mwami Msiri Ngelengwa was king of the Yeke people at the time King Leopold II’s reign, for approximately 5 years (1886 to 1891). Msiri is believed to have been born in 1850, but at a time when birth dates were not recorded, it is believed he may have been born as early as 1850. Msiri’s father, Mwami Mwinula Kipamira had taken Msiri to Ktanga, where he then witnessed the great wealth that this land supported. As Msiri aged he collected more and more wealth and popularity. One of the ways he gained this wealth was through the trade of slaves. However, there ideal of slavery is different than ours and that they were treated with respect, were accepted into the family, and could develop opportunities to free themselves from their bonds. These slaves were not shackled or tied, and were allowed free roam so long as they obeyed their master. Even punishment itself was not as severe, for those slaves could be punished they would not be killed. Eventually, his popularity would grow to the point in which he would become a king, ruling over his own subjects. Part III: Exploration of Africa Henry Morton Stanley, an explorer of the time, had previously explored Africa, and is the one famous for the line â€Å"Dr. Livingstone I presume,† which he wrote in his journal. After having come backShow MoreRelatedEssay on Heart of Darkness1387 Words   |  6 PagesHeart of Darkness-ISP By: Robert Pittelli You can argue that nearly everyone on this planet has at least one desire within that is so dark and evil that they would do anything to achieve that goal. However, most individuals are capable of controlling and taming their greedy desires for personal gain such as wealth, power, and fame, to the point where they are concealed, leaving their sanity untouched by the extreme darkness of their sinful wishes. Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness, providesRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1080 Words   |  5 Pages1 Kathrine Carrasquillo Dr. David Mulry Engl 2112 Feb 13, 2017 Who is Mr. Kurtz, and what does Conrad use him for? Mr. Kurtz is the main character in Joseph Conrad s English novella, Heart of Darkness. There is no proof that Mr. Kurtz is based on a real person, so it is assumed that he is a made up character. When Mr. Kurtz is first introduced the audience learns that he is a Belgian ivory trader and he was sent to Africa by his employer for work. At first glance, Mr. Kurtz just represents a normalRead MoreHeart Of Darkness, By Joseph Conrad1306 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the â€Å"horror† in Heart of Darkness, and what particular literary images develop that idea of horror in the novel? In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, there can be many literary images found within that develop the idea of horror. Heart of Darkness is noted for its horror within the Congo between the Africans and the Europeans. The horror in Heart of Darkness is a contribution of many ideas that are formed and contributed from the European colonists. The purpose of this essay aims to argueRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a story that takes place in the early 1890s and presents us with an odyssey of a traveler known as Marlow who confronts the dangers of the Congo jungle while also witnessing the wicked, inhumane treatment of the African natives. In the story, Marlow represents Joseph Conrad who had actually traveled up the Congo in 1890 and witnessed the European exploitation of the African natives firsthand. In the Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the inhumanityRead MoreInternal Conflict In Heart Of Darkness1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe novella Heart of Darkness was written in 1899. At the turn of the century, the author, Joseph Conrad, was 32 and lived through what he writes about. In a journey through Congo, Conrad uses the novella’s central character Marlowe to represent himself and portray his experiences. Like many other writers and artists throughout history, people of his time did not appreciate his work. Even the true meaning of the novel was not understood until later. In the novella Heart of Darkness, Joseph ConradRead MoreHeart of Darkness Imperialism, Hegemony, and Othering1570 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative of Thought I remember when I first read Heart of Darkness. I was a sophomore in high school when I had been required to read it. I remember when I got it. I thought to myself that it might be a cool book. I read the first five pages and wanted to throw it the window. It was confusing, frustrating and a little weird. Eventually I did read it. The more I read the more it made sense. When I finished it, I was still a little confused, but I understood it better. I would not say that the exactRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad944 Words   |  4 PagesThe novella Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, ultimately refers not to the impenetrable wilderness of the African Congo with which the European colonists are confronted, but rather to the primal and insurmountable darkness of the human heart. In the â€Å"civilized† world of the Europeans, man has driven this darkness back into his subconscious, and instead presents a faà §ade of virtue and good intentions. Africa, on the other hand, which is seen as a â€Å"primeval† environment, its people a less evolvedRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1569 Words   |  7 Pagesits irrefutable beauty and power. While Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is set in a patriarchal society, the jungle that is recognized to have female qualities, enforces the main commanding force over the men in the Congo. Conrad’s two contrasting representations of women are sho wn through the influential Congolese woman, who is a personification of the jungle, and the Intended, who represents the Western women who are oblivious to the true horrors in modern day society. As we near the end of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe 9th plague was Darkness. A darkness so thick, people could not see for three days. Darkness restricts vision and thus the way man understands the world. Conrad explores a similar darkness throughout The Heart of Darkness. He writes about how this darkness, a blindness towards others, can lead to the moral degradation of mankind in his novel. Throughout the novel, the reader is able to see Conrad’s perspective of humanity by discussing two integral issues of the time, Racism and Colonialism. MoreRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1255 Words   |  6 Pages In the Heart Of Darkness by Joseph Conrad he revels that everyone has a dark or evil side to himself or herself even if they might not be aware of it. Marlow embarked on a spiritual adventure to the Congo, where he witnesses Kurtz, the man he has come so far to meet is engulfed in greed and has the natives look up to him as a godlike figure. Conrad tells the tale of a mans psychological journey in ones mind as he progresses through the jungle. Marlow’s psychological changes become

Censorship Is A Controversial Topic Essay - 1399 Words

Censorship in the media that is a very common yet, controversial topic due to the subject matter being around children and the youth. It has sparked attention from many government and public individuals that have demanded a probation on certain age groups. The official start on the entire blockade of certain age groups has started with the MPAA† Motion Picture Association of America† in wanting to prohibit certain age groups from viewing certain movies, yet there has always been ways around the rating system for the youths. Today, Censorship is a controversial topic that has many different outlooks on the topic in general for those who may support or oppose the practice in use. Censorship is a major topic that has taken many activists on top of the issue entirely and on every aspect regarding the issue. Such activist groups proclaim to want rules to be enforced that would prevent explicit content to be blocked or banned within the public. Which if not in a way would be e nforced it would cause the world would be crazy without it. While there are individuals that support the topic, which support such claims that the bad content is bad for the minds of the young, and there are those who oppose such practices in a different way. While those who argue that censorship should disappear they come across arguments that basically suggest that censorship denies access to vital information and fights against the first amendment freedom of speech which applies to all individualShow MoreRelatedEssay on Censorship in Schools is not Justifiable959 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship in School is Not Justifiable Walt Whitman once said, â€Å"The dirtiest book of all is the expurgated book.† Between the years 2000 and 2009 a total of 3200 books were challenged in school libraries in an attempt to expurgate, or censor, the content in books provided to students. Today the trend of censorship continues as popular novels such as The Hunger Games, The Fault in Our Stars, and Captain Underpants are censored from schools across the nation (Challenges by Reason).Censorship in regardsRead MoreIts Time to STOP Banning Books Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagesbooks that contain sexual content, vulgarity, and violence give children and young adults a reason to snicker about these topics when discussed in class because we are taught that these topics are not appropriate to talk about publicly. There are many factors that play a major role in how an individual perceives certain topics in books. If taught at an earlier age that these topics are suitable for mature discussion, a child is less likely t o find it funny or become offended. How a parent reacts toRead MoreCensorship And Its Effect On The Creativity And Enjoyment Of What We Indulge Ourselves1647 Words   |  7 Pages How does censorship in media undermine the creativity and enjoyment of what we indulge ourselves in? The existence of censorship itself can take many forms in media. Sometimes it can exist for reasonable reasons to the most absurd. This filter has existed as long as public demonstration has existed; there was always information that has not has not been shown or spreadto the public. Now in modern times, it has been used and implemented in across several formats in media and entertainment. Is itRead MoreCensorship Critique Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesJulia Else-Green Eng 103 DE2 October 11, 2008 Critique of â€Å"Censorship: A Personal View† In her essay, â€Å"Censorship: A Personal View† Judy Blume gives readers insight on the impact of censorship based on her personal experiences as a young reader and then later in life as a censored writer. She provides numerous examples of educators who were affected by censorship and chose to take a stand against it (345). Although the piece lacks evidentiary support for these accounts, and draws on sarcasmRead MoreCensorship Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Censorship Censorship is a highly controversial topic regarding the arts, controlling the freedom of expression of artists to convey what is deemed acceptable within society. Ai Weiwei falls victim under the power of the regime and the influence of censorship guidelines within China, limiting the display of his art due to the important messages he raises. Andres Serrano has experienced attempted censorship on his provocative image, Piss Christ, and has been attacked for producing offensive artRead MoreEssay about Banning Books in Schools1066 Words   |  5 Pageshis/her classroom. By banning books from the classroom, we prevent our students from learning about controversial topics in a safe environment, and we also encroach upon the student’s freedom of reading what they want in school. Literature often covers real-world controversial topics such as â€Å"multiculturalism, sex-role stereotyping, religious tolerance, and racism† (Blair 1998, pg. 57). While these topics may not want to be approached by certain teachers, the students are still confronted with themRead MoreThe Internet and Censorship940 Words   |  4 Pagesthe more controversial topics that involves the internet, is the censorship of the internet. Internet censorship can be defined as the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published or viewed on the internet. It’s been hot topic in recent years because many government organizations have been trying to pass many reforms to help push the censorship of the internet, either directly or indirectly. Things like Net neutrality and SOPA/PIPA have been playing major roles in censorship of the internetRead MoreCensorship And Its Impact On Society Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesworld shut to the truth and blinded to mankind’s p ast and present mistakes. Censorship has always been prevalent, it has let a small crowd of people dictate what the masses can or can’t see as well as what they can and can’t read in schools. It is the suppression of speech: the careful evaluation of each and every book and the censoring of unacceptable parts. Censorship has been one of the world’s most controversial topics. It has been around since before 399 BCE and has affected societies in oneRead MoreCensorship Cases in America1404 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship is the process of suppressing something that is considered objectionable or offensive† (Truly 1). It is also the obstruction of Freedom of Expression. The process starts when a work is found offensive because its contents are considered vulgar, contradicting to beliefs and values, or violent. Concerned citizens form groups and create a strong social pressure to force the government or schools to remove the content. The information introduced in schools can contradict the ideas and valuesRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Analysis798 Words   |  4 Pagesstand out dystopian hit that makes controversial social commentaries. Some of the commentaries he touches upon the topics of censorship and social conformity. All of which are demonstrated through the strategic use of de manded conformities and the dystopian setting. Overall, In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury comments on the censorship and ideological limitations in today’s society by emphasizing political and social control in his novel. Ray Bradbury criticizes on censorship in the present day society through

Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide Free Essays

string(72) " interest in fertility necessary for the generation of the new life 53\." Unit One 1. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution didn’t include End of hunting-gathering societies 2. Most scholars believe that, during the Paleolithic Age, social organization was characterized by A rough social equality 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now The earliest metal worked systemically by humans are Copper 4. The spread of the Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by their Knowledge of agriculture 5. Characteristics of complex civilizations Specialization of labor Trade and cultural diffusion Written languages Complex political order and power 6. Evidence proves that the Mesopotamians Traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, India 7. Major effect of Neolithic Revolution The establishment of sedentary village communities 8. Conditions for women in Mesopotamia Grew increasingly worse over time 9. The division of the ancient people into social and gender hierarchies was first made possible by Rise in agricultural production 10. Ethical monotheism was the tradition of the Hebrews 11. Hammurabi’s code was based on the concept of â€Å"lex talionis† but the punishments were shaped by The social standing of the accused 2. The Hittites who were the most influential ancient Indo-European migrants into southwest Asia are credited for Horse-drawn chariots Metallurgy Migrating from southern Russia Defeating the Babylonians 13. The society who began the custom of embalming to preserve the body for its life after death Egypt 14. Which metal was most important in transforming agricultural societies into large urban civilizations? Iron 15. In which society did women enjoy the most freedom and opportunity? Egypt 16. In tribes which, as early as 3000 BCE, began to spread their language and agricultural techniques throughout Africa were the Bantu 17. The Chinese philosophy that promoted strict social and political control was * Legalism 18. Social distinctions in Early River Valley civilizations were * Less pronounced than in Neolithic 19. By spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu played a role similar to that played by * Indo-Europeans 20. The Bantu probably began their migrations because of * Population pressures 21. Much of the early Harappan history remains a mystery because * The archeological remains are under water 22. The biggest military advantages of the Indo-Europeans was * Their horses 23. Most of our information about the early Aryans comes from the * Vedas 24. Correct groupings of early societies and their rivers * Mesopotamia – Tigris Euphrates; Egypt – Nile; Harappan – Indus; China – Huang He 25. Harappan society * Most of their houses featured private showers and toilets * They traded extensively with the Mesopotamians * They had social distinctions They produced representational art 26. Group that retained much more influence on family structure in China than in other early civilizations * The extended family 27. The Chinese concept of the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† was sometimes used to justify * Rebellion 28. Early China enjoyed lasting direct long-distance trade with * None 29. Ritual bloodletting was crucial to Maya rituals because * It was associated with rain agriculture 30. The most characteristic artistic creation of the Olmecs were * Colossal human heads sculpted with basalt 31. The Aryans affected the Indian sub-continent by A common written language * Adding race to the caste system * Establishing the Silk Road trade * Advanced use of technology 32. Which of the following mathematical concepts, essential for positional notation and the manipulation of large numbers, was invented by Mayan mathematicians? * Zero 33. The ultimate source of wealth in any agricultural society is * Land 34. This passage from the Upanishads explain what Hindu concept? â€Å"According as a man acts and walks in the path of life, so he becomes. He that does good becomes good; he that does evil becomes evil. † * Karma 35. Which early Mesopotamian ruler believed that the gods had chosen to â€Å"promote the welfare of the people†¦ (and) to cause justice to prevail in the land†? * Hammurabi 36. During the time of the Aryans the Indian political landscape was characterized by * A series of small kingdoms 37. Contributions of the River Valley Civilizations * Metallurgy in agriculture, welfare and art * The wagon wheel * Written forms of communication * The calendar and the 60-second minute 38. What two River Valley civilizations are most alike as far as their use of regionalism and the decentralization of political power? * Olmec and Chavin 39. Confucian social order * Loyalty to the ruler * Filial obedience to one’s father * Respect of younger brother to older brother * Respect of husband to wife 40. Women were important contributors to the agricultural revolution because they were likely the * Gender who gathered edible plants and grew various grains 41. Shang and Zhou China originated the â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† primarily * As a way to demonstrate the divinity of the emperor 42. The government structures of early Mesopotamia and Egypt * In both civilizations power was concentrated in the hands of a king who was considered a god 43. The Chinese copied their chariots from * The steppe nomads 44. The Period of Warring States refers to the * Chaotic last centuries of the Zhou dynasty 45. The early Chinese shipped textiles and metal goods to the ancestors of the Turks and Mongols in the steppes and received what in return? * Horses 46. Which of the following is a key philosophical and religious element of Daoism? * Emphasis on harmony between humanity 47. Which of the following describes the major effect of Bantu migrations? * Cultural commonalities in sub-Saharan Africa 48. Confucius argued that * Educations is essential to becoming a refined gentleman 49. The device the ancient Olmec build in order to trap silt carried by the numerous rivers passing through the Mesoamerican lowlands * Terraces 50. The proper order from top to bottom of the original Aryan caste system? * Priests, warriors, farmers/merchants, laborers, polluted laborers 51. One key role of the caste system which was unlike other systems of social inequality in the ancient world was that the caste system * Served to maintain order and stability as political systems did in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China 52. What purpose do scholars believe paleolithic Venus figurines served? The figurines reflect a deep interest in fertility necessary for the generation of the new life 53. A key geographic difference between ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Harappan, and Chinese society was that Egypt and China were more isolated and therefore protected by their environment than there were the Mesopotamians or Harappans 54. Olmec and Mesopotamian political traditions are an example of * Decentralized monarchy 55. Because of the immense size of the Zhou state, its emperors were forced to * Institute a feudal system of the government Unit Two 1. An important reason for the fall of the Roman, Han, and Gupta empires was * Intensified invasions and security issues along their frontiers 2. Before 500 C. E. Judaism and Hinduism were similar in that both * Had written scriptures and an ethical code to live by 3. In organizing their empire, Persian rulers relied heavily on techniques of administration from the * Mesopotamians 4. The Medes and Persians were originally * Indo-European tribes 5. The classic Persian governmental approach was * An enlightened an tolerant one 6. The Persian legal code was designed to * Codify laws of the subject peoples 7. The center of the Persian communications network was * The Royal Road 8. Basic tenets of Zoroastrianism that influenced later religions * The belief in heaven and hell * The encouragement of high moral standards * The doctrine that individuals will undergo a final judgment * The belief that each individual plays a key role in determining his or her spiritual destiny 9. The Qin and Han dynasties * Went further than the Persian emperors in their efforts to foster cultural unity 10. Confucian terms * Ren – benevolence * Xiao – filial piety * Dao – way * Junzi – superior individuals 11. The philosophy that criticized the social activism, and instead, proposed a life of reflection and introspection was * Daoism 12. What was the school of philosophical thought that returned order to China after the Period of Warring States? * Legalism 13. Qin Shihuangdi’s most important contribute to China was * Establishing a precedent for centralized imperial rule 14. The Han philosophy of rule was * A contribution of Qin policies of centralizations 15. In 124 B. C. E. , Han Wudi transformed China by * Establishing an imperial university 16. Which popular treatise emphasized humility, obedience, subservience, and devotion to their husbands as the virtues most appropriate for women? * Admonitions for Women 17. As the Han dynasty became more powerful and wealthy, * The gap between rich and poor grew dangerously large 18. The Indian political scene changed dramatically in 520 B. C. E. when new administrative techniques were introduced after the invasion of the * Persians 19. The rock and pillar edicts were issued by Ashoka 20. One of the biggest financial problems of the later Mauryan period was the ruler’s decision to * Debase the currency 21. Politically, the Guptas * Left local government and administration in the hands of their allies 22. The success and timing of trade, through the Indian Ocean basin, largely depended on * Understanding the rhythms of the monsoon winds 23. One of the biggest transformations of the caste system during this period was * The rise of guilds, which essentially served as jati 24. The greatest social contribution of the Jains was The fact that they did not recognize social hierarchies based on caste 25. When Krishna tells Arjuna, in the Bhagavad Gita, â€Å"Having regards to your own duty, you ought not to falter, for there is nothing better for a Kshatriya than a righteous battle,† he is referring to what Hindu principle? * Dharma 26. The political structure of the ancient Greeks * Usually considered of independent, autonomous city-states 27. The Greeks used the word polis to refer to the * The city-state 28. Athenian democracy was open to * All Athenian citizens 29. Events that occurred during the time of Pericles * Athenian democracy reached its high point Athens became the most sophisticated of the poleis * Athenian expansion and arrogance helped spark the Peloponnesian War * Athens underwent a massive building program 30. Affects that came about because of Greek colonization * An increase in the size and diversity of trade * The spread of Greek language and cultural traditions * A quickening of the tempo of social life * Increased contact with other societies 31. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution * Incidence of disease increased * Widening gender differences * Rapid increase in human population * Increase in reliable food supply 32. In The Republic, Plato proposed that the true rulers of society should be * Philosopher kings 33. The Roman policy toward conquered peoples was * Generous with potential for citizenship 34. The Roman policy of toleration and respect for conquered peoples was most similar to the * Persians 35. The land route of the silk roads ran from the Han capital of _____________ to the Mediterranean port of _____________. * Chang’an; Antioch 36. Latifundia were * Enormous plantations worked by slaves 37. After naming himself dictator in 46 B. C. E. Julius Caesar * Launched large-scale building projects in Rome Extended Roman citizenship to peoples in the imperial provinces * Appointed some Gauls to the Roman senate * Seized the land from the conservatives and distribute it to his army veterans 38. The reign of Augustus inaugurated a period known as paxromana in which caused * Common coinage * Common language * Greco-Roman art * Stoicism 39. Foundations of Roman Law * The principle that defendants were innocent until proven guilty * The notion that defendants had a right to challenge their accusers before a judge in a court or law * The ability of judges to set aside laws that were inequitable 40. The information that Zhang Qian brought back encouraged Han Wudi to destroy the Xiongnu and lay out the foundations for the * Silk roads 41. The fact that by the first century C. E. southeast Asian kings called themselves rajas shows how they were influenced by the * Indians 42. By around the year 600 C. E. , the ravages of epidemic diseases had caused both the Mediterranean and Chinese populations decrease by * At least a quarter 43. In the year 184 C. E. , peasant discontent in China led to an uprising known as the * Yellow Turban rebellion 44. With the collapse in political order after the fall of the Han Empire, * Daoism and Buddhism became much more popular 45. The Roman Empire was divided into two parts by * Dio Cletian 46. The social distinctions in Early River Valley civilizations were * Did not exist as they did in pervious times 47. After the collapse of the western half of the Roman Empire, imperial authority survived for another thousand years in the * Byzantine Empire 48. Major effect of Bantu migrations * Cultural commonalities in sub-Saharan Africa Unit 3: Part I 1. Agricultural production increased throughout medieval Europe mainly esult of a * A heavier plow * Water and wind powered mills 2. Arabic conquests of Mesopotamia and Persia influenced the women in the Islamic world by making * Society more patriarchal 3. Characteristics of the medieval period of Europe * Political order through feudalism * Economic order through manorialism * Religious order through Church * Expanded trade and education 4. The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C. E. to 1450 C. E. resulted in the spread of what from South Asia? * Technological and scientific concepts such as decimal and zero 5. Foot binding is probably the best example of * The increasingly patriarchal nature of Chinese society 6. During the Tang and Song periods, the imperial â€Å"examination system† * Expanded and filled posts based on intellectual ability and merit 7. When comparing northern and southern India during the postclassical era, it can be stated that * The south suffered through far fewer invasions than the north did 8. The success of the Byzantine â€Å"theme system† was most dependent upon * Promoting rural agriculture with few imperial restrictions 9. Islam became very popular in India and within different segments of Hindu society because * It emphasized equality and it was less exclusionary than Hinduism 10. The term â€Å"samurai† describes men in feudal Japan who were most like these men in Europe * Knights 11. Gender relations up to 1000 C. E. * In some societies, women enjoyed more rights than in others 12. The impact of commercial trade during this period * Technology, crops and religious ideology spread from China in the east to Europe in the west while also connecting India, the Middle East and Africa’s Swahili coast 13. Constantinople Was constructed by Constantine * Allowed the imperial court to keep watch on the Sasanid Empire in Persia * Was built because the eastern half was the wealthier and more productive part of the empire * Allowed the imperial court to keep watch on Germanic tribes on the Danube 14. The items Marco Polo encountered at Kublai Khan’s court and described to Europeans * Paper money * Food stocks – noodles * â€Å"Black stones† – coal * Gunpowder 15. Middle Eastern trade in the period between 1000 to 1400 * A unified Islamic Empire which eliminated tariffs and encouraged trade 16. Justinian’s most significant long-term accomplishment * He regulated and established a new uniform legal code for his empire 17. Comparison of the political systems in western Europe and China during the time period 1000 – 1300 * Western Europe developed multiple monarchies while China maintained a single empire 18. After the fall of Rome, the only real institutions of learning in Western Europe were the * Christian monasteries 19. Hagia Sophia was * The magnificent church at Constantinople 20. Major public work that was first constructed by emperor Yangdi during the Sui Dynasty in China * The Grand Canal 21. A result of the Viking raids on Europe from the 8th to the 10th centuries was that * Europeans organized into feudalistic societies for protection 22. In 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople * Mutually excommunicated each other 23. Charlemagne * He expanded the Frankish territory * He supported education and literacy * He instituted the missi dominci * He established his capital in Aachen 24. Guilds during the Late Medieval period Admitted women as members 25. Relationships between Islam and the influence it received from other cultures * India – mathematics economics * Persia – literacy works politics * Greece – philosophy medicine * China – paper, cotton silk 26. The main Indian influence on Islamic thought was in the field of * Mathematics 27. Major result of the Christian Crusades * Europeans were introduced to new technology, trade and cultural exchanges 28. Common feature of most Middle Eastern, Asian and European societies during the period of 1000 to 1450 * A close association with religion 29. The most striking difference between the Tang and the Song dynasties affecting their survival was * The differing ways they chose to deal with nomads on their frontiers 30. The two major sources of stability during the Medieval period of Europe * Feudalism and the Catholic church 31. In regard to political structure, postclassical India * Developed no single centralized imperial authority 32. An invasion in 451 C. E. , by the White Huns, began the collapse of the * Gupta dynasty 33. In 711, the northern Indian area of Sind fell to the * Umayyad dynasty 34. The most important new crop introduced to China during the Tang and Song periods was * Fast-ripening rice 35. The primary difference between Shiite Muslims and Sunni Muslims is a disagreement over * The leadership of the Muslim community after Muhammad’s death 36. The Indian ruler Harsha was known for * His Buddhist faith and his benevolent treatment of his subjects 37. Legacy of the Vikings during the medieval period * Feudalism * Exploration * Warfare * Shipping technology 38. The Abbasid Dynasty differed from the Umayyad Dynasty in that * It was not a conquering dynasty 39. The Delhi sultans were Never able to expand their control beyond northern India 40. The Crusades by European Christians at the end of the eleventh century were motivated primarily by * Efforts to unite religious power and retake control of Jerusalem and the Holy Lands 41. An example of interaction among Indian, Arab and European societies by 1200 was the transfer of * Numerals and decimal system 42. The Tang planned to avoid the concentration of land by the wealthy by implementing the * New economic planning system 43. Zheng He was * The Chinese admiral who made seven journeys of exploration 44. Hindu temples Played an important role in the agricultural and financial development of southern India 45. Major reason for the rapid expansion of Islam during the 7th 8th centuries * The advanced military technology of the Islam forces 46. India was a natural location for the establishment of emporia because of * Its central locations in the Indian Ocean basin 47. Achievements of the Early Middle Ages * A restoration of political order through a feudal system * Some economic recovery because of agricultural advancement * The creation of an institutional framework for the Christian church based in Rome 48. The adoption of the Neo-Confucianism by the Ming dynasty during the 14th century was primarily motivated by the * Need for competent government administrators 49. The Byzantine Empire achieved * The conversion of many Slavic peoples to Christianity 50. Islamic Chinese empires in the postclassical period (700 – 1200 C. E. ) shared a characteristic of * Extensive urbanization maritime trade 51. Most important effect of Islamic expansion on the civilizations of medieval Europe * The transmittal of Greek Arab learning 52. The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism both * Were outgrowths of other religions * Were aided in their spread by the trade networks * Developed monastic orders * Venerated people of high spiritual merit 53. In medieval society, political power was vested in * Local authorities 54. The most important relationship in feudalism was between * Lord and retainer Unit 3: Part 2 1. The largest empire of all time was created by the * Mongols 2. The Inca quipu was * A record keeping device consisting of small cords with knots 3. The political power of the khans was based on Indirect rule through the leaders of allied tribes 4. In an effort to strengthen the Mongol fighting forces, Chinggis Khan * Formed new military units with no tribal affiliations 5. Who made a famous pilgrimage to Meca in 1324 – 1325? * Mansa Musa 6. Khubilal Khan’s military and imperial pursuits * Had little success when he tried to conquer Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, and Japan 7. Ethiopian Christianity * Retained both traditional African and Christian beliefs 8. The Mongols brought greater integration among Eurasian peoples by * Increased trade * Resettlement of conquered peoples Diplomatic missions 9. Devastation wrought by the bubonic plague played a key role in the fourteenth century collapse of the * Yuan dynasty 10. The introduction of a new crop about 400 C. E. encouraged a fresh migratory surge in Africa. What was the crop? * Bananas 11. The first European nation to dominate trade with Asia was * Portugal 12. By the middle of the first millennium B. C. E. , the Bantu had begun to produce * Iron 13. The late fourteenth century Turkish ruler who weakened the Golden Horde, sacked Delhi, and launched campaigns in southwest Asia and Anatolla, was * Tamerlane 14. One of the central factors in the establishment of trans-Saharan trade was * The domestication of the camel 15. By the tenth century C. E. , the kings of Ghana had converted to * Islam 16. Foundations of Mali’s power * Control over trans-Saharan trade * A strong cavalry * A series of powerful kings 17. During the period of Mongol domination, * Long-distance trade became much less risky 18. In regard to political structure, the Aztec empire * Had no elaborate bureaucracy 19. Just as the kingdoms of west Africa depended on trans-Saharan trade, the kingdoms of east Africa depended on * Indian Ocean trade 20. The Ilkhanate in Persia began a rapid decline in the 1200s * After the government issued paper money 21. Since there was no concept of private ownership of land in sub-Saharan Africa, * Slave ownership formed an important aspect of determining personal wealth 22. Historians estimate that between 750 and 1500 C. E. , the number of slaves transported north as part of the trans-Saharan slave was * Ten million 23. In the five centuries after the year 1000 C. E. , the peoples of the eastern hemisphere * Traveled and interacted more intensively than ever before 24. By 1750, all parts of the world participated in a global trade network in which European’s played dominant roles except * Australia 25. Khubilal Khan employed Marco Polo in administrative posts * Because he did not entirely trust his Chinese subjects 26. When Pope Innocent IV sent envoys to invite the Mongols in an alliance against the Muslims, * The khans declined and in turn told the Christians to submit to Mongol rule or be destroyed 27. Ibn Battuta was able to travel so extensively because * His religious and legal training allowed him to serve as qadi 28. Product that had a new impact during this period of increasing interaction * Silk 29. The North American Indian societies * Possessed no form of writing 30. Common results of a bubonic plague * A decline in trade * A decline in population * Peasant rebellions caused by efforts to freeze wages 31. The Yongle Encyclopedia * Represented the Ming rulers’ interest in supporting native Chinese cultural traditions 32. Central to the Renaissance thought beginning in northern Italy was * A fascination with the ancient world 33. Mali became the wealthiest kingdom in sub-Saharan Africa because of * Its control of the gold trade 34. Humanist moral philosophers believed that * People could lead morally virtuous lives while participating in the world 35. Under Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population * Was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism 36. In regard to exploration, Prince Henry was to Portugal what _________ was to China. * Wan Li 37. The Toltec state collapsed by around 1175 because * Of a combination of civil conflict and nomadic invasion 38. The chinampa system refers to * The Aztec practice of dredging fertile muck from the lake’s bottom 39. In regard to gender issues in sub-Saharan Africa, Women had more opportunities open to them than did their counterparts in other societies 40. Rulers among the Mexica were chosen by * A council made up of the most successful warriors 41. A Mexica woman who died in childbirth * Won the same fame as warriors who died valiantly in battle 42. The Aztecs viewed human sacrifice * As an essential ritual to ensure the world’s survival 43. North American societies * Developed on a relatively small scale 44. In regard to political structure, the early Bantu societies * Governed themselves mostly through family and kinship groups 45. The Inca imposed order By taking hostages from the conquered tribes’ ruling classes 46. Hallmark of Hongwu’s rule * The reestablishment of Confucian education * Extensive use of the civil service system * The reestablishment of the civil service system 47. The cultural and religious traditions of the Australian aborigines * Did not diffuse much beyond their own regions 48. During the early modern era, which of the following non-European peoples explored the Indian Ocean? * Chinese 49. In sub-Saharan Africa, an age grade was * A publicly recognized group that performed tasks based on their strength and maturity 50. Main inspirations for European exploration * The desire to conquer China and India 51. The invasions of the nomadic Turkish and Mongol tribes between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries * Facilitated greater cross-cultural communication and integration 52. Reasons for the European interest in finding a maritime trade route * The spread of the bubonic plague made the silk roads more dangerous * The high prices charged by Muslim merchants * The demand in Europe for items such as Indian pepper and Chinese ginger 53. The Reconquista came to an end in 1492 when * The Muslim kingdom of Granada fell to Spanish Catholic forces 54. Chinese inventions * Sternpost rudder and magnetic compass 55. The profitable merchandise that Vasco da Gama purchased in India was made up of * Pepper and cinnamon 56. The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to * Force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties 57. In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because * It was a small country with a small population 58. Advantages that the English and Dutch had over the Portuguese * They possessed faster, cheaper, and more powerful ships * They created joint-stock companies * They were wealthier countries 59. The Dutch policy in Indonesia was * To control the production of spices 60. The country that finished the Seven Years’ War with global hegemony was * England 61. In the long term, the Columbian exchange * Increased world population because of the spread of new food crops 62. From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of * Enslaved Africans How to cite Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide, Papers

Assess the Argument free essay sample

Without education and the other ideals as the superstructure, the society will collapse when only the means and relations of production existing as the economic base. Also, in Marxists’ point of view, education only serves two purposes: to reproduce inequalities and social relations of productions and to justify these inequalities through meritocracy. However, Althusser, the neo-Marxist in 1971, points out that education is an Idealogical State Apparatus (ISA), just like media, family and other ideals as well. The main function of education is to pass on the common values in order to maintain and reproduce class discrimination in wealth and authority, generation after generation. This then continues to produce capitalism without the need to enforce it into the society, in the same way ideology is spread subconsciously. Althusser argues that a hidden curriculum exists to achieve this result; the way schools are organized and how knowledge is taught encourages the working class to abide by the rules of the capitalist society and accept the discrimination and failure without any sign of protest. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the Argument or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1977, Bourdieu called the act of accepting failure and higher class authority â€Å"Symbolic Violence†. Education acts as a reproduction tool for the capitalist relations of production, Bowles and Gintis (1976) argues. The capitalist relations of production is the hierarchy structure of workers and bosses, as well as the different skills and attitudes used. The role of education confirms the workers’ acceptance and willingness to heed the needs of system. Their correspondence theory suggests that the structure at school links straight to what it’s like at work. In school; teachers are the bosses while students are the workers. Students have to work hard to obtain rewards and success in exams in the same way how workers work hard to get their wage. Also, the theory points out that the higher the individual gets in the system, the more freedom they are given and more responsibility they have to take. Also, Bowles and Gintis states that success isn’t always obtained by academic ability. Injustice is disguised in the educational system as meritocracy. Students who goes against the system and expresses disapproval of the system doesn’t rise above like those that adapts to the rules. Bowles and Gintis also points out that schools yields workers that accepts the position they’re given, explaining the reasons why white middle-class students have a tendency to do better, even when they lack talent or ability. Because of the hidden curriculum, class discrimination in society comes across as just and rightful. Functionalists believes that education has three functions instead of two. The first function is to keep society in place through conversing the younger generation with important cultural values, such as democracy, equality of opportunity, achievement, competition and more. Durkheim thinks that education needs to draw attention to the moral and ethical duties one needs to obtain in the society. Parsons, just like Durkheim, also identifies the importance of socialization in education. This then creates a meritocratic view for the younger generation to apply to their lives, linking their family to the society outside. Universalistic standards are used in society where one is evaluated by a criteria that applies to everyone, unlike the particularistic standards at home where the child’s status is decided by their parents and other family members. Education introduces the significance of achievement and assists the change to universalistic standards. In Functionalists’ point of view, the second function of education is to educate compulsory skills to the pupils in order to survive in the today’s society. General skills apply as well, such as reading, writing, comprehensive listening and more. Over the years, difficulty level continues to rise in the work society as occupations gets more specific. The number of years in compulsory education increases while the level of intricacy soars. The third and last function is to assign the most suitable occupation to veryone, corresponding to their qualifications, talents and success in academic achievements. The most talented ones are designated for the more significant roles in society. Due to the equality of opportunity, this is the most fair and just way to allocate specific occupations to an individual. Overall, I agree with the Functionalists’ point of view, wh ere occupations are assigned to individuals through equality of opportunity and meritocracy. There are many examples in the society when one is not in the middle or upper class, yet achieves success in their occupation and life through their intellectual ability and talent. As long as one has the motivation, I believe that it doesn’t take long for others to recognize that initiative and notice his ambition to succeed. Personally, I don’t agree with the statement that the main function of education is to reproduce the social class structure. Instead, I believe that it’s changed over the past decades and have moved on from class to something more knowledge. I reckon that the main function currently is to educate the new generation with knowledge and skills to achieve success in life. As Steve Droke once said, â€Å"Knowledge is power and enthusiasm pulls the switch. †